The Galactic Environment of the Sun: Interstellar Material Inside and Outside of the Heliosphere

Interstellar material (ISMa) is observed both inside and outside of the heliosphere. Relating these diverse sets of ISMa data provides a richer understanding of both the interstellar medium and the heliosphere. The galactic environment of the Sun is dominated by warm, low-density, partially ionized interstellar material consisting of atoms and dust grains. The properties of the heliosphere are dependent on the pressure, composition, radiation field, ionization, and magnetic field of ambient ISMa. The very low-density interior of the Local Bubble, combined with an expanding superbubble shell associated with star formation in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association, dominate the properties of the local interstellar medium (LISM). Once the heliosphere boundaries and interaction mechanisms are understood, interstellar gas, dust, pickup ions, and anomalous cosmic rays inside of the heliosphere can be directly compared to ISMa outside of the heliosphere. Our understanding of ISMa at the Sun is further enriched when the circumheliospheric interstellar material is compared to observations of other nearby ISMa and the overall context of our galactic environment. The IBEX mission will map the interaction region between the heliosphere and ISMa, and improve the accuracy of comparisons between ISMa inside and outside the heliosphere. P.C. Frisch ( ) University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA e-mail: [email protected] M. Bzowski Space Research Centre PAS, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] E. Grün Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] V. Izmodenov Moscow State University and Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] H. Krüger Max-Planck-Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 236 P.C. Frisch et al.